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Past tense of “arise”

🌋 To happen or appear; to come up.

Number 122 of 175 by frequency, so one of the rarer ones: three separate forms to keep apart. You will meet it in books and set phrases more than in conversation, and it can wait.

Mistakes people make with “arise”

Not “arised”. Arise does not take -ed — the past simple is arose, however regular it feels to add the ending.

Not “have arose”. After have, has or had the verb switches to its third form: I have arisen, never I have arose. This one survives into quite advanced English, so it is worth over-learning.

Phrases you will actually hear

These are worth learning whole. A verb sticks far better inside a phrase somebody would really say than on its own in a table.

The participle goes back to the base

arise · arose · arisen. The past simple wanders off on its own, and then the participle returns to the base form and adds -n: arise → arisen, with arose having nothing to do with it.

Getting this backwards is the classic slip — building the participle out of the past instead of the base. That -n is the oldest participle ending in English, older than -ed, and it survives on the largest group of verbs on this site.

Either way the ending does the work for you. A form ending in -n needs have, has, had or a passive be in front of it; without one it stands alone as the past — A problem arose during the meeting.

The same pattern — the -en finishers — runs through 48 verbs: