Home → Irregular verbs list
Irregular verbs list
All 175 irregular verbs worth knowing, with their three forms. The list appears three times below — by level, by frequency and alphabetically — because which order you want depends entirely on what you are doing with it.
Most verbs link to a page of their own, with examples, the mistakes learners make with them, and how they sound; the rarest are covered on their pattern page instead (why). The page is also laid out to print cleanly, so it works as a classroom handout without a PDF.
The 20 you actually need first
These twenty account for a startling share of everyday English. If you learn nothing else from this page, learn this table.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been |
| have | had | had |
| do | did | done |
| say | said | said |
| go | went | gone |
| get | got | got / gotten |
| make | made | made |
| know | knew | known |
| think | thought | thought |
| take | took | taken |
| see | saw | seen |
| come | came | come |
| give | gave | given |
| find | found | found |
| tell | told | told |
| become | became | become |
| leave | left | left |
| feel | felt | felt |
| put | put | put |
| bring | brought | brought |
By level
Three bands, split by how soon a learner meets each verb rather than by how strange its forms look.
Core — 53 verbs
The verbs you cannot get through a day of English without. Learn these before anything else on this page.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been |
| have | had | had |
| do | did | done |
| say | said | said |
| go | went | gone |
| get | got | got / gotten |
| make | made | made |
| know | knew | known |
| think | thought | thought |
| take | took | taken |
| see | saw | seen |
| come | came | come |
| give | gave | given |
| find | found | found |
| tell | told | told |
| become | became | become |
| leave | left | left |
| feel | felt | felt |
| put | put | put |
| bring | brought | brought |
| begin | began | begun |
| keep | kept | kept |
| write | wrote | written |
| run | ran | run |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| read | read | read |
| buy | bought | bought |
| break | broke | broken |
| hear | heard | heard |
| show | showed | shown / showed |
| let | let | let |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| cost | cost | cost |
| sit | sat | sat |
| stand | stood | stood |
| lose | lost | lost |
| win | won | won |
| send | sent | sent |
| spend | spent | spent |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| cut | cut | cut |
| drive | drove | driven |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten / forgot |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| wear | wore | worn |
| catch | caught | caught |
| hold | held | held |
Intermediate — 65 verbs
Common in conversation, news and exams. Worth knowing properly once the core list is solid.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| teach | taught | taught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| grow | grew | grown |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| sing | sang | sung |
| swim | swam | swum |
| sell | sold | sold |
| build | built | built |
| understand | understood | understood |
| rise | rose | risen |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| fight | fought | fought |
| hide | hid | hidden / hid |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| tear | tore | torn |
| blow | blew | blown |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| hang | hung | hung |
| hit | hit | hit |
| lend | lent | lent |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| shut | shut | shut |
| spread | spread | spread |
| swing | swung | swung |
| wake | woke | woken |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| burn | burnt / burned | burnt / burned |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| feed | fed | fed |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lie | lay | lain |
| ring | rang | rung |
| set | set | set |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned |
| prove | proved | proven / proved |
| strike | struck | struck / stricken |
| light | lit / lighted | lit / lighted |
| sink | sank / sunk | sunk |
| dream | dreamt / dreamed | dreamt / dreamed |
| quit | quit | quit |
| bet | bet | bet |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| wind | wound | wound |
| speed | sped / speeded | sped / speeded |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| burst | burst | burst |
| shed | shed | shed |
| smell | smelt / smelled | smelt / smelled |
| spell | spelt / spelled | spelt / spelled |
| spill | spilt / spilled | spilt / spilled |
| lean | leant / leaned | leant / leaned |
| fit | fit / fitted | fit / fitted |
| wet | wet / wetted | wet / wetted |
| dive | dived / dove | dived |
| plead | pleaded / pled | pleaded / pled |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| upset | upset | upset |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood |
Advanced — 57 verbs
Mostly encountered in reading rather than speech. Recognising them is enough for a long time.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| seek | sought | sought |
| weep | wept | wept |
| strive | strove | striven |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| bear | bore | borne / born |
| beat | beat | beaten / beat |
| bind | bound | bound |
| breed | bred | bred |
| cast | cast | cast |
| cling | clung | clung |
| creep | crept | crept |
| dwell | dwelt / dwelled | dwelt / dwelled |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| forbid | forbade / forbad | forbidden |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| grind | ground | ground |
| kneel | knelt / kneeled | knelt / kneeled |
| leap | leapt / leaped | leapt / leaped |
| shine | shone / shined | shone / shined |
| shrink | shrank / shrunk | shrunk |
| slay | slew | slain |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sow | sowed | sown / sowed |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spat / spit | spat / spit |
| split | split | split |
| spring | sprang / sprung | sprung |
| sting | stung | stung |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| undo | undid | undone |
| mislead | misled | misled |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken |
| broadcast | broadcast / broadcasted | broadcast / broadcasted |
| swell | swelled | swollen / swelled |
| tread | trod | trodden / trod |
| weave | wove | woven |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| sling | slung | slung |
| shear | sheared | shorn / sheared |
| saw | sawed | sawn / sawed |
| shave | shaved | shaved / shaven |
| mow | mowed | mown / mowed |
| bid | bid / bade | bid / bidden |
| abide | abode / abided | abided / abode |
| behold | beheld | beheld |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| wed | wed / wedded | wed / wedded |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| sew | sewed | sewn / sewed |
| cleave | clove / cleft / cleaved | cloven / cleft / cleaved |
| beseech | besought / beseeched | besought / beseeched |
| smite | smote | smitten |
By pattern
Irregular does not mean random. Most of these verbs fall into a handful of shapes, and learning the shape is faster than learning the members one at a time.
Alphabetical
For when you are looking one up rather than learning them.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| abide | abode / abided | abided / abode |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| be | was / were | been |
| bear | bore | borne / born |
| beat | beat | beaten / beat |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| behold | beheld | beheld |
| bend | bent | bent |
| beseech | besought / beseeched | besought / beseeched |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bid | bid / bade | bid / bidden |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast / broadcasted | broadcast / broadcasted |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burnt / burned | burnt / burned |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cleave | clove / cleft / cleaved | cloven / cleft / cleaved |
| cling | clung | clung |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| dive | dived / dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamt / dreamed | dreamt / dreamed |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt / dwelled | dwelt / dwelled |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fit | fit / fitted | fit / fitted |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade / forbad | forbidden |
| forget | forgot | forgotten / forgot |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | got / gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden / hid |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt / kneeled | knelt / kneeled |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lean | leant / leaned | leant / leaned |
| leap | leapt / leaped | leapt / leaped |
| learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| light | lit / lighted | lit / lighted |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| mislead | misled | misled |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood |
| mow | mowed | mown / mowed |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| pay | paid | paid |
| plead | pleaded / pled | pleaded / pled |
| prove | proved | proven / proved |
| put | put | put |
| quit | quit | quit |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| saw | sawed | sawn / sawed |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| sew | sewed | sewn / sewed |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shave | shaved | shaved / shaven |
| shear | sheared | shorn / sheared |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone / shined | shone / shined |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown / showed |
| shrink | shrank / shrunk | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank / sunk | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| smell | smelt / smelled | smelt / smelled |
| smite | smote | smitten |
| sow | sowed | sown / sowed |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped / speeded | sped / speeded |
| spell | spelt / spelled | spelt / spelled |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilt / spilled | spilt / spilled |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spat / spit | spat / spit |
| split | split | split |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang / sprung | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike | struck | struck / stricken |
| strive | strove | striven |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen / swelled |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| tread | trod | trodden / trod |
| understand | understood | understood |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken |
| undo | undid | undone |
| upset | upset | upset |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weave | wove | woven |
| wed | wed / wedded | wed / wedded |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet | wet / wetted | wet / wetted |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| write | wrote | written |
Turn the list into practice
Practise all 175 verbs on your phone
Spaced repetition brings each verb back right before you would forget it. Three difficulty modes, a 60-second Blitz, streaks and a verb collection. Free, works offline, no account.
The app behind this site
Every page here is generated from the same verb data the app uses, so the forms you read are the forms you practise.



